General description
Reasearch area: Apoptosis
Recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), expressed in E. coli, is known for its direct tumoricidal capabilities. This inflammatory cytokine triggers a cascade of other cytokines and factors constituting the immune system′s response to infections and cancer. Additionally, it has been reported to influence changes in bone metabolism during inflammation. (TNF-α), a homotrimer protein, occurs in a soluble and transmembrane form.
Application
TNF-α, Mouse, Recombinant, E. coli has been used to study TNF-signaling to insulin gene expression in insulin-producing cells.
Biochem/physiol Actions
TNF-α, a cytokine, interacts with two distinct receptors, initiating signal transduction pathways that result in cellular responses, such as cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. It regulates inflammatory responses and activates inflammatory molecules, including other cytokines and chemokines. Transmembrane TNF-α binds to TNFR1 and TNFR2 and facilitates inflammation and cell death. However, excessive or inappropriate activation of TNF-α signaling is linked to chronic inflammation and may lead to pathological complications, including autoimmune diseases. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), psoriasis (PS), and noninfectious uveitis (NIU) are few conditions.
Additionally, TNF-α is associated with insulin signaling inhibition. Its removal ameliorates insulin sensitivity. The activity of the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, which is abnormally elevated in obesity, is strongly activated by both TNF-α.
ED₅₀ = 20-50 pg/ml as measured in a cytotoxic assay using the TNF-α susceptible murine L-929 cell line in the presence of Actinomycin D (Cat. No. 114666)
Physical form
Lyophilized from sterile-filtered PBS, 50 µg BSA/µg TNF-α.
Preparation Note
Following reconstitution, aliquot and freeze (-70°C) for long term storage or refrigerate (4°C) for short term storage. Avoid freeze/thaw cycles of solutions. Stock solutions are stable for up to 1 month at 4°C or for up to 3 months at -70°C.
Reconstitute to a concentration ≥10 µg/ml with sterile PBS containing ≥0.1% HSA or BSA.
Other Notes
Scharla, S.H., et al. 1994. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 131, 293.
Eck, M.J., et al. 1992. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 2119.
Legal Information
CALBIOCHEM is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Toxicity: Standard Handling (A)
| biological source | mouse |
| Quality Segment | 100 |
| recombinant | expressed in E. coli |
| description | Merck USA index - 14, 9812 |
| assay | ≥97% (SDS-PAGE) |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | 17,000 g/mol |
| manufacturer/tradename | Calbiochem® |
| storage condition | OK to freeze |
| technique(s) | cell based assay: suitable |
| impurities | ≤100 pg/μg Endotoxin (pg/μg TNF-α) |
| solubility | soluble (Reconstitute to a concentration >=10 µg/ml with sterile PBS containing >=0.1% HSA or BSA.) |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | −70°C |
| Gene Information | mouse ... Tnf(21926) |
