General description
Glutathione synthetase (UniProt: P48637; also known as EC:6.3.2.3, GSH synthetase, GSH-S, Glutathione synthase) is encoded by the GSS gene (Gene ID: 2937) in human. Glutathione is important for a variety of biological functions, including protection of cells from oxidative damage by free radicals, detoxification of xenobiotics, and membrane transport. It also helps in the the maintenance of protein sulfhydryl groups in a reduced state and acts as a cofactor for a number of enzymes. The protein encoded by this gene functions as a homodimer to catalyze the second step of glutathione biosynthesis, which is the ATP-dependent conversion of gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine to glutathione. The expression of GSS is ubiquitous and found in variety of tissues with high oxidative stress or detoxification demands, such as the liver, kidneys, and lungs. It is primarily localized in the cytoplasm and some nuclear and mitochondrial localization is also observed. Defects in this GSS gene can lead to a rare genetic disorder known as glutathione synthetase deficiency that prevents the body from producing glutathione. This condition is characterized by a range of symptoms, including hemolytic anemia, metabolic acidosis, and progressive neurological impairment. In addition to this genetic disorder, altered GSS activity and glutathione levels have been implicated in various other diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Parkinson′s and Alzheimer′s), cardiovascular diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our proprietary technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed, and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 19 amino acids from the internal region of human GSS.
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HepG2 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis (WB): A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected GSS in HepG2 cell lysate.
Tested Applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000-10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GSS in lysates from HeLa cells and human and mouse kidney tissue.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis : A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected GSS in HeLa cells.
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound GSS peptide with at least ten thousand-fold (10,000X) higher than with non-specific control peptide.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected GSS in human epididymis tissue sections and kidney tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 1F4 is a ZooMAb® recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically detects GSS. It targets an epitope within 19 amino acids from the internal region.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Reconstitute lyophilized antibody pellet with 25μL of ultrapure water or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Please refer to our reconstitution protocol and the specific application guidance on the suggested starting dilutions and sample type.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | rabbit |
| Quality Segment | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | 1F4, recombinant monoclonal |
| description | recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 52.39 kDa,observed mol wt ~52 kDa |
| purified by | using Protein A |
| species reactivity | human, mouse |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry. |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation |
| sustainability | Greener Alternative Product |
| technique(s) | affinity binding assay: suitable,immunocytochemistry: suitable,immunohistochemistry: suitable,western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG |
| epitope sequence | Internal |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_000169.1 |
| UniProt accession no. | P48637 |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| Gene Information | human ... GSS(2937) |
