General description
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Citrate synthase, mitochondrial (UniProt: O75390; also known as EC:2.3.3.1; Citrate (Si)-synthase, ) is encoded by the CS gene (Gene ID: 1431) in human. Citrate synthase, a mitochondrial enzyme encoded by nuclear DNA, is a key catalytic protein in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, often referred to as the Krebs cycle. It is an all-alpha protein composed of a single polypeptide chain folded into a large and a small domain. The active site resides in a cleft between these domains. Citrate synthase catalyzes the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to form citrate, marking the first and rate-limiting step of the TCA cycle. This reaction is fundamental for cellular energy metabolism, as citrate synthesis facilitates the downstream production of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FADH2), which are essential electron carriers for oxidative phosphorylation. Its activity is tightly regulated and responsive to cellular metabolic demands. Beyond its canonical role in energy metabolism, citrate synthase participates in cytoplasmic pathways when citrate is exported from mitochondria. Cytoplasmic citrate is converted to acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate by citrate lyase, supporting lipid biosynthesis and signaling cascades. In pathological contexts, altered citrate synthase activity has been linked to cancer metabolism, where its dysregulation contributes to tumor proliferation and survival by modulating metabolic fluxes and promoting anabolic processes. Protein-protein interactions of citrate synthase include its association with other mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes, suggesting a broader role in mitochondrial function beyond its enzymatic activity. Post-translational modifications, such as protein lactylation, have been shown to regulate its activity, highlighting its involvement in metabolic reprogramming under stress conditions. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our proprietary technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals.
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed, and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 22 amino acids from the C-terminal of human Citrate synthase.
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HepG2 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution of this antibody detected Citrate synthase in HepG2 cell lysate.
Tested Applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:10,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Citrate synthase in lysates from LNCaP cells, mouse liver tissue, and rat liver tissue.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Citrate synthase in human heart tissue sections.
Affinity Binding Assay: A representative lot of this antibody bound with Citrate Synthase peptide with at least ten thousand-fold (1,000X) higher affinity than with non-specific control peptide.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected Citrate synthase in HepG2 cells.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 1J23 is a ZooMAb® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that detects Citrate synthase. It targets an epitope within amino acids from the C-terminal.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | rabbit |
| Quality Level | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | 1J23, recombinant monoclonal |
| description | recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 51.71 kDa,observed mol wt ~47 kDa |
| purified by | using Protein A |
| species reactivity | mouse, rat, human |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry. |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation |
| sustainability | Greener Alternative Product |
| technique(s) | affinity binding assay: suitable,immunocytochemistry: suitable,immunohistochemistry: suitable,western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG |
| epitope sequence | C-terminal |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_004068 |
| UniProt accession no. | O75390 |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| Gene Information | human ... CS(1431) |
