General description
Proenkephalin-A (UniProt: P01210) is encoded by the PENK gene (Gene ID: 5179) in human. Proenkephalin-A is a precursor protein that gives rise to enkephalins, which are endogenous opioid peptides involved in pain modulation and various physiological processes. It consists of a long polypeptide chain that is post-translationally processed at 8 cleavage sites to produce multiple enkephalin peptides (Syn-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin, Leu-enkephalin) and three PENK peptides (aa 114-133, aa 143-183, aa 237-258). These peptides take part in controlling learning and memory, analgesia and other brain-regulated behaviors. Proenkephalin-A is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions such as the brain and spinal cord. It is also found in the adrenal medulla and various peripheral tissues, indicating its role in both central and peripheral pain pathways. It is primarily localized in the cytoplasm of neurons, where it is synthesized and processed. After translation, it is transported to secretory vesicles, where it undergoes further processing to produce active enkephalin peptides. Alterations in Proenkephalin-A expression or function have been implicated in various diseases, including chronic pain conditions, addiction, depression, and anxiety disorders. The gene is shown to be hyper-methylated in prostate cancer and thus may be of use as a molecular marker for prostate cancer diagnosis. Increased plasma PENK concentrations are found to be associated with long-term kidney outcomes and mortality. Studies report regulatory role of PENK-A as a brake in kidney regeneration. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our proprietary technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Khorashadi, M., et al. (2020). Nephron. 144(12):655-661; Chi, Liu., et al. (2023). Nature Communications. 14:7167).
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed, and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 24 amino acids from the second PENK peptide of human Proenkephalin-A.
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Immunohistochemistry in human adrenal gland tissue sections.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected Proenkephalin-A (PENK) in human adrenal gland tissue sections.
Tested Applications
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected PENK in SH-SY5Y cells.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:50,000 dilution from a representative lot detected His-tagged, full length recombinant of human Proenkephalin-A (PENK).
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 1M12 is a ZooMAb® recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Proenkephalin-A (PENK). It targets an epitope within 24 amino acids from the second PENK peptide in the C-terminal half.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS with 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
300 µg/mL after reconstitution at 25 µL per vial. Please refer to guidance on suggested starting dilutions and/or titers per application and sample type.
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | rabbit |
| Quality Segment | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | 1M12, recombinant monoclonal |
| description | recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 30.79 kDa,observed mol wt ~32 kDa |
| purified by | using Protein A |
| species reactivity | human |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry. |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation |
| sustainability | Greener Alternative Product |
| concentration | 0.3 mg/mL |
| technique(s) | immunocytochemistry: suitable,immunohistochemistry: suitable,western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG |
| epitope sequence | C-terminal half |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_001129162 |
| UniProt accession no. | P01210 |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| Gene Information | human ... PENK(5179) |
