General description
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (UniProt: P49841; also known as EC:2.7.11.26, GSK-3 beta, Serine/threonine-protein kinase GSK3B) is encoded by the GSK3B gene (Gene ID: 2932) in human. GSK-3. a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase, is a key regulator of numerous signaling pathways during embryogenesis and is involved in metabolic control. Two isoforms of GSK-3 are reported in mammals: a 51 kDa GSK-3α and a 47 kDa GSK-3β. These two isoforms exhibit about 98% homology in their kinase domains but share only about 36% identity in the last 76 C-terminal amino acid residues. The GSK-3α contains a glycine-rich extension at its N-terminal. GSK-3 is constitutively active in cells and is regulated through inhibition of its activity. It shows a preference for target proteins that are pre-phosphorylated at a priming residue located C-terminal to the site of GSK-3 phosphorylation. Priming phosphorylation, although not absolutely required, enhances the efficiency of phosphorylation of most GSK-3 substrates. Phosphorylation of a threonine residue in the activation loop (T-loop) is considered to be essential for its activity. The T-loop of GSK-3α is phosphorylated at Tyr279 and GSK-3β at Tyr216, which play a role in forcing open the substrate-binding site of the enzyme. A primary mechanism of GSK3 activity regulation is phosphorylation of N-terminal serine residues (Serine 21 in GSK-3α and serine 9 in GSK-3β). Phosphorylation of these sites is inhibitory to GSK3 kinase activity because the phosphorylated N-terminus acts as a competitive inhibitor for primed substrates. GSK-3β is constitutively active in resting cells and treatment of cells with an agent, such as insulin, causes GSK-3 inactivation through a PI 3-kinase (PI 3-K)-dependent mechanism. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Dajani, R., et al. (2003). EMBO J. 22(3); 494-501; Ali, A., et al. (2001). Chem. Rev. 101(8); 2527-2540; Cross, DA., et al. (1995). Nature. 378(6559); 785-789).
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Immunogen
KLH-conjugated linear peptide corresponding to 18 amino acids from the C-terminal half of human Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β).
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in HEK293 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected GSK-3β in HEK293 cell lysate.
Tested Applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GSK-3β in C6 cell lysate.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GSK-3β in A431 and HeLa cells.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected GSK-3β in human cerebral cortex tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone 1M12-1 is a ZooMAb® rabbit recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β). It targets an epitope within 18 amino acids from the C-terminal half.
Physical form
Purified recombinant rabbit monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Reconstitute lyophilized antibody pellet with 25μL of ultrapure water or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Please refer to our reconstitution protocol and the specific application guidance on the suggested starting dilutions and sample type.
Other Notes
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | rabbit |
| Quality Segment | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | 1M12-1, recombinant monoclonal |
| description | recombinant, expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 46.74 kDa,observed mol wt ~44 kDa |
| purified by | using Protein A |
| species reactivity | human, rat |
| species reactivity (predicted by homology) | horse, feline, porcine, canine, bovine, mouse, monkey |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 μL |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry. |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation |
| technique(s) | immunocytochemistry: suitable,immunohistochemistry: suitable,western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG |
| epitope sequence | C-terminus |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_001139628 |
| UniProt accession no. | P49841 |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| Gene Information | human ... GSK3B(2932) |
