General description
Tubulin beta chain (UniProt: Q2KJD0; also known as Tubulin beta-5 chain) is encoded by the TUBB gene (Gene ID: 615087) in bovine. Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules (MTs). MTs are cytoskeletal filaments composed of α/β-tubulin heterodimers that self-assemble head-to-tail to form protofilaments and laterally to form a hollow tube. α/β heterodimers associate head-to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. Tubulin binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the β-chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the α-chain. Tubulin dimers constantly polymerize and depolymerize, and MTs can undergo rapid cycles of assembly and disassembly. The first stage of MT formation, the nucleation phase, is slow. In the presence of Mg2+ and GTP, α and β tubulins join in an end-to-end manner to form protofilaments with alternating α and β subunits. GTP bound to β-tubulin is hydrolyzed to GDP during or immediately after polymerization. This weakens the binding affinity of tubulin for adjacent molecules and favors depolymerization that contributes to the dynamic behavior of MTs. MTs also undergo “treadmilling,” in which tubulin molecules bound to GDP are continually lost from the minus end and are replaced by the addition of GTP-bound tubulin molecules to the plus end of the same MT. Various post-translational modifications, including acetylation, polyglutamylation, polyglycylation, detyrosination, phosphorylation, and palmitoylation, can regulate the polymerization properties of tubulins and/or their interactions with microtubule associated proteins and motor proteins. β-Tubulin is reported to undergo phosphorylation on serine 172 by CDK1 during the cell cycle, from metaphase to telophase, but not in interphase. This phosphorylation inhibits tubulin incorporation into microtubules. This ZooMAb® recombinant monoclonal antibody, generated by our propriety technology, offers significantly enhanced specificity, affinity, reproducibility, and stability over conventional monoclonals. (Ref.: Stewart, RJ., et al. (1990). Biochemistry. 29(27); 6489-6498; Mitchison, T., and Kirschner, M. (1984). Nature. 312(5991); 237-242).
We are committed to bringing you greener alternative products, which adhere to one or more of The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry. This antibody is Preservative-free, produced without the harm or sacrifice of animals and exceptionally stable to allow for ambient shipping and storage if needed and thus aligns with "Waste Prevention", "Designing Safer Chemicals" and "Design for Energy Efficiency". Click here for more information.
ZooMAb® antibodies represent an entirely new generation of recombinant monoclonal antibodies. Each ZooMAb® antibody is manufactured using our proprietary recombinant expression system, purified to homogeneity, and precisely dispensed to produce robust and highly reproducible lot-to-lot consistency. Only top-performing clones are released for use by researchers. Each antibody is validated for high specificity and affinity across multiple applications, including its most commonly used application. ZooMAb® antibodies are reliably available and ready to ship when you need them.
Immunogen
Full-length β-tubulin from bovine brain.
Application
Quality Control Testing
Evaluated by Western Blotting in A431 cell lysate.
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution of this antibody detected β Tubulin in A431 cell lysate.
Tested Applications
Western Blotting Analysis: A 1:1,000 dilution from a representative lot detected β Tubulin in HeLa, NIH3T3, and C6 cell lysates.
Flow Cytometry Analysis: 0.1 µg from a representative lot detected β Tubulin in one million HeLa cells.
Immunocytochemistry Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected β Tubulin in HeLa cells.
Immunohistochemistry (Paraffin) Analysis: A 1:100 dilution from a representative lot detected β Tubulin in Human testis and Human tonsil tissue sections.
Note: Actual optimal working dilutions must be determined by end user as specimens, and experimental conditions may vary with the end user.
Biochem/physiol Actions
Clone AA2 is a ZooMAb® mouse recombinant monoclonal antibody that specifically detects β Tubulin. It targets an epitope within 16 amino acids from the C-terminal region.
Physical form
Purified recombinant mouse monoclonal antibody IgG, lyophilized in PBS, 5% Trehalose, normal appearance a coarse or translucent resin. The PBS/trehalose components in the ZooMAb formulation can have the appearance of a semi-solid (bead like gel) after lyophilization. This is a normal phenomenon. Please follow the recommended reconstitution procedure in the data sheet to dissolve the semi-solid, bead-like, gel-appearing material. The resulting antibody solution is completely stable and functional as proven by full functional testing. Contains no biocide or preservatives, such as azide, or any animal by-products. Larger pack sizes provided as multiples of 25 µL.
Preparation Note
Recommend storage of lyophilized product at 2-8°C; Before reconstitution, micro-centrifuge vials briefly to spin down material to bottom of the vial; Reconstitute each vial by adding 25 µL of filtered lab grade water or PBS; Reconstituted antibodies can be stored at 2-8°C, or -20°C for long term storage. Avoid repeated freeze-thaws.
Reconstitute lyophilized antibody pellet with 25μL of ultrapure water or Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS). Please refer to our reconstitution protocol and the specific application guidance on the suggested starting dilutions and sample type.
Other Notes
Concentration: Please refer to the Certificate of Analysis for the lot-specific concentration.
Legal Information
ZooMAb is a registered trademark of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
Disclaimer
Unless otherwise stated in our catalog or other company documentation accompanying the product(s), our products are intended for research use only and are not to be used for any other purpose, which includes but is not limited to, unauthorized commercial uses, in vitro diagnostic uses, ex vivo or in vivo therapeutic uses or any type of consumption or application to humans or animals.
| biological source | mouse |
| Quality Level | 200 |
| recombinant | expressed in HEK 293 cells |
| conjugate | unconjugated |
| antibody form | purified antibody |
| antibody product type | primary antibodies |
| clone | AA2, recombinant monoclonal |
| product line | ZooMAb® learn more |
| form | lyophilized |
| mol wt | calculated mol wt 49.67 kDa,observed mol wt ~50 kDa |
| purified by | using protein G |
| species reactivity | mouse, rat, human |
| species reactivity (predicted by homology) | rabbit, bovine, hamster |
| packaging | antibody small pack of 25 μL |
| greener alternative product characteristics | Waste Prevention Designing Safer Chemicals Design for Energy Efficiency Learn more about the Principles of Green Chemistry. |
| enhanced validation | recombinant expression Learn more about Antibody Enhanced Validation |
| technique(s) | flow cytometry: suitable,immunocytochemistry: suitable,immunohistochemistry: suitable,western blot: suitable |
| isotype | IgG1κ |
| epitope sequence | C-terminal |
| Protein ID accession no. | NP_001280141 |
| UniProt accession no. | Q2KJD0 |
| greener alternative category | Aligned |
| shipped in | ambient |
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| Gene Information | bovine ... TUBB(615087) |
